|
The history of Manila begins around 65,000 B.C. the time the Callao Man first settled in the Philippines, predating the arrival of the Negritos and the Malayo-Polynesians. The nearby Angono Petroglyphs, are then dated to be around 3,000 B.C. and the earliest recorded History of Manila, the capital of the Philippines, dates back to the year 900 AD as recorded in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription. By the 13th century, the city consisted of a fortified settlement and trading quarter near the mouth of the Pasig River, the river that bisects the city into north and south. The official name of the city under its Malay aristocracy was ''Seludong/Selurung'', which was the same name given for the general region of southwestern Luzon at that time, suggesting that it was the capital of Ancient Tondo. However, the city became known by the name given to it by its Tagalog inhabitants, ''Maynila'', based on the nilad plant, a flowering mangrove plant that grew on the marshy shores of the Manila Bay. Manila became the seat of the colonial government of Spain when it gained sovereignty over the Philippine Islands in 1565. The seat of the Spanish government was situated within the fortified walls of Old Manila (now referred to as Intramuros meaning ''within the walls''). The walls were constructed to keep invading Chinese pirates and protect the city from native uprisings. Several communities eventually grew outside the walls of Manila. The city became the center of trade between Manila and Acapulco, which lasted for three centuries and brought the goods from the Americas to South East Asia and vice versa. During the British occupation of the Philippines, the city was occupied by Great Britain for two years from 1762-1764 as part of the Seven Years' War. The city remained the capital of the Philippines under the government of the provisional British governor, acting through the Archbishop of Manila and the Real Audiencia. Armed resistance to the British centered in Pampanga. In 1898, Spain ceded control of the Philippines after over three hundred year of colonial rule to the United States after the Treaty of Paris (1898), which ended the Spanish-American War. During the American Period, some semblance of city planning using the architectural designs and master plans by Daniel Burnham was done on the portions of the city south of the Pasig River. During World War II, much of the city was destroyed, but the city was rebuilt in after the war.〔(City Profiles: Manila, Philippines ). ''UN Cyberbus''. Accessed February 02, 2009.〕 It was the second most destroyed city in the world after Warsaw, Poland during World War II. The Metropolitan Manila region was enacted as an independent entity in 1975. ==Etymology== The city became known by the name given by its Tagalog inhabitants, as ''Maynila'', first recorded as ''Maynilad'' or "Manila". The name is based on the nila, a flowering mangrove plant that grew on the marshy shores of the bay, used to produce soap for regional trade. It is either from the phrase ''may nila'', Tagalog for "there is ''nila''," or it has a prefix ''ma-'' indicating the place where something is prevalent. ''Nila'' itself is probably from Sanskrit ''nila'' (नील) meaning 'indigo tree'.〔E.M. Pospelov, ''Geograficheskie nazvanie mira'' (Географические название мира) (Moscow 1998).〕 The idea that the plant name is actually "nilad" is baseless. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Manila」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|